Comparing Preferred and Actual Clinical Learning Environments and Perceptions of First-Year Nursing Students in Long-Term Care: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The clinical learning environment, which includes the culture of clinical units, the mentoring process, and the different health organizations, influences the learning process of nursing students. However, scarce literature has been published on the impact of the clinical learning environment on first-year nursing students in long-term care. We aimed to assess first-year nursing students 'preferred' and 'actual' clinical learning environments when conducting their first placements in nursing homes within an innovative placement model that comprised the active participation of academic mentors. The validated Spanish version of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI) instrument was used in our study, and 99 first-year nursing students participated. The highest mean scores for the CLEI-Actual were found for the Satisfaction (22.7) and Involvement scales (19.09). The lowest mean scores were found for the Personalization (17) and Individualization (17.27) scales. The multiple correlation (R) between the Satisfaction and the other CLEI scales was 0.61 (p > 0.001), which means that in this study the association between student satisfaction and their perception of the clinical learning environment was strong. First-year students conducting their first clinical placements in nursing homes can have a positive learning experience considering a well-designed and organized pedagogical strategy, including constant support and feedback from academic and clinical mentors.

Relación entre precisión diagnóstica y actitud frente a los diagnósticos de enfermería en estudiantes de grado / Relationship between diagnostic accuracy and attitudes towards diagnoses in undergraduate nursing students

PROPÓSITO: Evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de los estudiantes de tercer curso del Grado en Enfermería y analizar su posible relación con la actitud hacia el diagnóstico de enfermería. MÉTODOS: Mediante la resolución de un caso escenario se evaluó la precisión diagnóstica de los diagnósticos NANDA-I con la escala de precisión de Lunney, y la actitud hacia el diagnóstico con la versión española de la Escala de Posicionamiento ante el Diagnóstico Enfermero. RESULTADOS: El promedio de las actitudes hacia el diagnóstico de enfermería fue de 103,5 (DE 18,47) y el promedio de la precisión diagnóstica fue de 3,94 (DE 0,66). No hubo correlación significativa entre ambos (r = 0,162 y p = 0,113). Conclusión e implicaciones: No existe correlación entre la precisión diagnóstica y la actitud frente al diagnóstico de enfermería. El análisis de casos resueltos con un instrumento de medida de la precisión diagnóstica permite evaluar la competencia de los estudiantes en formulación diagnóstica y reorientar su formación para mejorar las habilidades de razonamiento clínico y el uso adecuado de los diagnósticos de enfermería

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of third-year Nursing students and to analyse its possible relationship with attitudes towards nursing diagnosis. METHODS: The Scale for Degrees of Accuracy-Number Criteria by Lunney, and the Spanish version of the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis scale were used in order to measure the diagnostic precision of a case scenario. Findings: The mean score for the attitudes towards nursing diagnosis was 103.5 (SD 18.47), and the mean score for diagnostic accuracy was 3.94 (SD 0.66). There was no significant correlation between them (r = 0.162 and P = .113). Conclusion and implications: Diagnostic reasoning was not influenced by the attitude towards nursing diagnosis. The measuring of the diagnostic accuracy in case resolution improves clinical reasoning skills and diagnostic accuracy

Risk for Complicated Immigration Transition: New Diagnosis for NANDA-International.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to describe the developmental processes for the creation of the new diagnosis risk for complicated immigration transition for the NANDA-I. METHODS: The study followed the recommended steps of developmental processes for NANDA-I. The identification of risk factors,which cause those who have migrated to feel vulnerable, is the result of two different research studies aimed at identifying nursing diagnosis related to the immigration process. RESULTS: A proposal of label, definition and risk factors of risk for complicated immigration transition. CONCLUSIONS: This new nursing diagnosis will reinforce the strategies for nursing interventions directed to empower immigrant people to acquire and/or develop the resources needed to cope with the immigration process.

Las influencias interpersonales en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria / The interpersonal influences in women with urinary incontinence

OBJETIVO: Describir las influencias interpersonales que presentan las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria (IU). METODOLOGÍA: La perspectiva teórico-metodológica utilizada ha sido la cualitativa fenomenológica, con la participación de 34 mujeres de la provincia de Barcelona. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas en profundidad y la técnica del grupo focal. La selección de la muestra fue intencional o de conveniencia, y el análisis categorial temático se realizó a partir de las transcripciones de los discursos de las participantes. RESULTADOS: Las influencias interpersonales más significativas para las participantes fueron las mujeres de su familia, las amigas y los profesionales de la salud. Dicha influencia ha sido mayoritariamente negativa y las involucró poco o nada en conductas promotoras de la salud en la resolución de su IU. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de las influencias interpersonales descritas en el estudio son fruto de las creencias derivadas de los estereotipos de género, que se transmiten en el proceso de socialización y que condicionan la percepción de la IU como una enfermedad tratable

OBJECTIVE: Describe the interpersonal influences that present women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: The theoretical-methodological approach used was qualitative phenomenological, involving 34 women in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group technique. The sample selection was intentional or convenience categorical, and thematic analysis was conducted from the transcripts of the speeches of the participants. RESULTS: The most significant interpersonal influences for participants are the women of his family, friends and health professionals. This influence is mostly negative and involves little or no health-promoting behaviors was solving its UI. CONCLUSIONS: Most of interpersonal influences described are the result of beliefs derived from gender stereotypes that are transmitted in the socialization process and shape perceptions of the UI as a treatable disease

Mujer y jubilación: conocimientos sobre la transición de la jubilación / Women and retirement: knowledge of the transition of retirement of women

Objetivo. Describir la transición de la jubilación de mujeres que desarrollaron su vida laboral en la ciudad de Barcelona. Diseño. Metodología cualitativa, estudio exploratorio. Emplazamiento. Ciudad de Barcelona, entre los años 2008- 2011. Participantes. Usuarias de Centros de Salud que responden a dos perfiles según el tipo de actividad laboral desarrollada: como directivas y técnicas, o con actividad profesional con escasa o nula autonomía. Intervenciones principales. Técnica de grupos focales hasta que los discursos narrativos no agregaron más información significativa a la disponible. Análisis con transcripción literal de los discursos, codificación, categorización, análisis de contenido y obtención de resultados. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre los perfiles de mujeres en relación con la significación de su vida laboral, las expectativas sobre la jubilación, los motivos que la determinaron, su salud al inicio de la misma y la adaptación a esta etapa. Hubo muchas similitudes y escasas diferencias cuando se analizaron las cargas familiares sostenidas antes y después de la jubilación. Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados se describen dos tipologías distintas de transición de la jubilación entre las mujeres del estudio en función del perfil de actividad laboral desarrollada (la descripción se realizó según la Teoría de las Transiciones de Meleis). Se destacan aspectos de sus experiencias y necesidades que, desde la perspectiva enfermera, identifican ámbitos y formas de intervención que permitan preparar y afrontar esta transición saludablemente (AU)

Objective. To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. Design. Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. Location. The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. Participants. Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. Main intervention. A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. Results. The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities / workloads before and after retirement. Conclusions. These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way (AU)

[WOMEN AND RETIREMENT: KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRANSITION OF RETIREMENT OF WOMEN]. / Mujer y jublación conocimientos sobre a transción de la jubilación.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. DESIGN: Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. LOCATION: The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. PARTICIPANTS: Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. MAIN INTERVENTTON: A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. RESULTS: The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities/ workloads before and after retirement. CONCLUSIONS: These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way.

Influencia de la formación en competencia cultural sobre la actitud frente a la inmigración de los estudiantes de tercero de enfermería / The influence of education in cultural competence on third level nursing students' attitudes towards immigration

Introducción. La formación de las futuras enfermeras plantea la necesidad de preparar profesionales competentes para poder afrontar las incertidumbres y la complejidad que genera la diversidad cultural, entendiendo que cuidar debe contemplar el respeto y la reflexión crítica sobre las ideas y los valores implicados en el dialogo que se genera en la relación terapéutica. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la modificación de la actitud hacia la inmigración en los estudiantes de tercero de enfermería que han cursado la asignatura 'Enfermería y multiculturalidad'. Sujetos y métodos. Para evaluar la actitud de los estudiantes se ha utilizado la escala de actitud ante la inmigración para enfermería (EAIE) en una muestra apareada formada por los 33 estudiantes de tercer curso de enfermería matriculados en la asignatura optativa 'Enfermería y multiculturalidad', mediante la comparación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en la escala antes y después de cursarla. Para estimar la significación de las diferencias entre las puntuaciones pre y postintervención se ha utilizado la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon para muestras apareadas, tanto para la puntuación global como para cada uno de los ítems de la EAIE. Resultados. Con el análisis individualizado de los ítems se observa que, del total de 39 ítems, siete han presentado diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en las mediciones iniciales y finales. Conclusión. La 'enculturización' enfermera que reciben los estudiantes en su proceso formativo influye favorablemente en la toma de conciencia de sus propias actitudes (AU)

Introduction. The training of future nurses will have to produce professionals who are competent to face the uncertainties and complexities generated by cultural diversity. Nursing care includes respect and critical reflection on the ideas and values arising from the dialogue generated throughout the therapeutic relationship. The objective of this study was to assess the change of the module 'Nursing and Multiculturalism' in modifying third level nursing students' attitudes towards immigration in the students that were enrolled. Subjects and methods. To evaluate the attitude of the students we used the Attitude Scale towards immigration for nursing (EAIE). A paired sample was employed, drawn from the 33 third year nursing students enrolled in the optional module 'nursing and multiculturalism' by comparing scores achieved in the scale towards immigration before and after attending the module. In order to estimate the significance of the different rates pre- and post-test, a non-parametric test for paired samples (Wilcoxon signed rank test) was used, both for global rating and for each of the item in the EAIE questionnaire. Results. The individual analysis of the items shows that the total 39 items, seven presented significant differences (p < 0.05) in the initial and final measurements. Conclusion. Nursing enculturation experienced during basic education, positively influences students in making conscious their attitudes towards immigration (AU)

[Nursing diagnoses linked to immigration process]. / Diagnósticos de enfermería vinculados al proceso migratorio.

The migration population's new social and demographic reality require a need's analysis. The migration's challenges demand an urgent reflection on all disciplines of an interdisciplinary team. Nursing's Language defines nursing's contribution. Nursing's language includes Outcomes, Interventions and Diagnosis. It is necessary to reflect on theory and research. There is little research to connect Nursing Diagnosis with the migration phenomenon The objective is to identify Nursing Diagnosis related to the migratory process by bibliographic revision and the hypothesis is Nursing diagnosis does not describe the whole migration phenomenon. 32 Nursing Diagnosis could be found in 12 documents of methasintesis. There are a lot of nursing's diagnosis and reflection according to the OPT (Outcome-Present State-Test) model. Clinical Reasoning Web shows 11 nursing's diagnosis related to migratory process. Risk or Relocation Stress Syndrome describes better the answers to the migratory process.

Diagnósticos de enfermería vinculados al proceso migratorio / Nursing diagnoses linked to immigration process

La nueva realidad sociodemográfica que se ha configurado en nuestro país con la incorporación de la población inmigrante requiere una clara reflexión en el ámbito teórico y de la investigación. Son muy pocos, todavía, los estudios que relacionan los lenguajes estandarizados, y concretamente los diagnósticos de Enfermería NANDA, con el fenómeno migratorio. Por todo ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería NANDA predominantes en la población inmigrante, vinculados al proceso migratorio. Su hipótesis es que los diagnósticos de Enfermería que formulan los profesionales actualmente solo contemplan parcialmente el fenómeno del proceso migratorio. De los 12 documentos seleccionados para la realización de la metasíntesis se han obtenido 32 diagnósticos de enfermería. Dado el elevado número, se han analizado las relaciones entre ellos siguiendo la propuesta del modelo OPT (Outcome-Present State-Test) y enfermería la realización de una red de razonamiento clínico de la que formarán parte solamente los 12 diagnósticos directamente provocados por el proceso migratorio. De todos ellos, se identifica Riesgo de Síndrome de Estrés del traslado como el que mejor contempla todas las respuestas que se derivan de la compleja situación vital que supone un proceso migratorio (AU)

The migration population‘s new social and demographic reality, require a need’s analysis. The migration’s challenges demand an urgent reflection on all disciplines of an interdisciplinary team. Nursing’s Language defines nursing’s contribution. Nursing’s Language includes Outcomes, Interventions and Diagnosis. It is necessary to reflect on theory and research. There is little research to connect Nursing Diagnosis with the migration phenomenon The objective is to identify Nursing Diagnosis related to the migratory process by bibliographic revision and the hypothesis is Nursing diagnosis does not describe the whole migration phenomenon. 32 Nursing Diagnosis could be found in 12 documents of methasintesis. There are a lot of nursing’s diagnosis and reflection according to the OPT (Outcome-Present State-Test) model. Clinical Reasoning Web shows 11 nursing’s diagnosis related to migratory process. Risk or Relocation Stress Syndrome describes better the answers to the migratory process (AU)

Aplicación del modelo AREA en un caso clínico de enfermería pediátrica en atención primaria de salud / Application of an OPT model in a paediatric nursing clinical case in primary health care

Este artículo corresponde a la valoración e identificación de hipótesis diagnósticas de la situación de un niño de 10 años que acude con su madre al centro de salud de una zona rural de Cataluña, debido a una contusión en el parietal. Se le atiende en la consulta de enfermería pediátrica. La enfermera realiza una valoración y un análisis de la situación. Identifica una situación no saludable para el correcto desarrollo del niño que comportará el abordaje del problema conjuntamente con la madre y un cambio de actitudes y comportamientos de esta. La resolución del caso se llevará a cabo siguiendo la propuesta del modelo AREA (Análisis de Resultados del Estado Actual) de Pesut y Herman, utilizando para la valoración los Patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon y para el diagnóstico y la planificación, las taxonomías NANDA, NOC y NIC (AU)

This article describes the assessment and nursing diagnostic hypothesis generation on a 10 years old child with a parietal contusion who attended the health care centre with his mother. The health centre is located in a rural area in Catalonia, and a paediatric nurse was placed in charge of the child. In the assessment and the subsequent information analysis, the nurse identified an unhealthy situation for the correct development of the child. The situation required the mother's intervention and a change in her habits and behaviours. For the approach of the case study, the OPT model (Outcome Present-state Testing) by Pesut and Herdman was used. The assessment was made by using Marjory Gordon's Functional Health Patterns assessment, and the NANDA-I nursing diagnoses taxonomy, NOC Outcomes taxonomy and NIC Interventions taxonomy was used for the diagnoses and planning (AU)

[Application of an OPT model in a paediatric nursing clinical case in primary health care]. / Aplicación del modelo AREA en un caso clínico de enfermería pediátrica en atención primaria de salud.

This article describes the assessment and nursing diagnostic hypothesis generation on a 10 years old child with a parietal contusion who attended the health care centre with his mother. The health centre is located in a rural area in Catalonia, and a paediatric nurse was placed in charge of the child. In the assessment and the subsequent information analysis, the nurse identified an unhealthy situation for the correct development of the child. The situation required the mother's intervention and a change in her habits and behaviours. For the approach of the case study, the OPT model (Outcome Present-state Testing) by Pesut and Herdman was used. The assessment was made by using Marjory Gordon's Functional Health Patterns assessment, and the NANDA-I nursing diagnoses taxonomy, NOC Outcomes taxonomy and NIC Interventions taxonomy was used for the diagnoses and planning.

Enfermería y multiculturalidad. Estrategia docente para afrontar la diversidad / Nursing and multiculturality. Academic strategy to face diversity

Los últimos datos publicados por la Delegación de Gobierno para la extranjería y la inmigración, muestran que, en nuestro entorno, la inmigración constituye un fenómeno social de gran envergadura al que hay que dar respuesta desde la Enfermería.• Por ello, se entiende que es necesario que desde la Universidad, incluyamos en nuestros planes de estudios asignaturas que, fundamentadas en diferentes disciplinas, permitan el grado de competencia exigida para poder ofrecer los servicios enfermeros que la sociedad nos demanda.• El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la asignatura “Infermeria i Multiculturalitat” como necesaria para la capacitación de nuestros estudiantes, para adaptarlos planes de cuidados a las diferentes características culturales de las personas y de la comunidad

The last data published by the Governmental Delegation for the Naturalisationof Immigrants, show that in our setting, immigration has become a social phenomenonof great magnitude that must be address to from a nursing perspective.• Because of this, it is understood that university should include in their nursing degree subjects that are based on different disciplines, providing the degree of competence required to be able to offer nursing services that our society now requires.• The objective of this article is to present the subject “Nursing and Multiculturality”(nursing across cultures) as a necessary part of the training of our students so that nursing care plans are better suited to cover the different cultural need of the people and the community